Robotics Components

Power source

Further information: Power supply and Energy storage

At present mostly (lead-acid) batteries are used as a power source. Many different types of batteries can be used as a power source for robots. They range from lead acid batteries which are safe and have relatively long shelf lives but are rather heavy to silver cadmium batteries that are much smaller in volume and are currently much more expensive. Designing a battery powered robot needs to take into account factors such as safety, cycle lifetime and weight. Generators, often some type of internal combustion engine, can also be used. However, such designs are often mechanically complex and need fuel, require heat dissipation and are relatively heavy. A tether connecting the robot to a power supply would remove the power supply from the robot entirely. This has the advantage of saving weight and space by moving all power generation and storage components elsewhere. However, this design does come with the drawback of constantly having a cable connected to the robot, which can be difficult to manage.^[15] Potential power sources could be:

• pneumatic (compressed gases)
• hydraulics (liquids)
• flywheel energy storage
• organic garbage (through anaerobic digestion)
• faeces (human, animal); may be interesting in a military context as faeces of small combat groups may be reused for the energy requirements of the robot assistant (see DEKA's project Slingshot Stirling engine on how the system would operate)

Sumber:

Wikipedia

Kursus Robotik dari Stanford University

Sekolah Pendidikan Robotika Indonesia

Lecture 2    View Now >
1 hr 8 min Topics: Spatial Descriptions, Generalized Coordinates, Operational Coordinates, Rotation Matrix, Example - Rotation Matrix, Translations, Example - Homogeneous Transform, Operators, General OperatorsVideo clip “GH Walking Machines: Passive Walking,” Tad McGreer, Fraser Univ. British Columbia, ICRA 1991 Video Proceedings, courtesy IEEE. (© 1991 IEEE) Transcript: HTML | PDF YouTube | iTunes | Vyew | WMV Torrent | MP4 Torrent

Lecture Handouts

Handout Name	Handout Usage
Course Introduction	Lecture 1
Kinematics-1	Lecture 1-3

Sumber: 

Universitas Stanford Fakultas Teknik
(Stanford Engineering Everywhere) 

Prof. Oussama Khatib, Ph.D. 
(His Web-Site Oussama Khatib)

Professor of Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-9010 Office: Gates 144 Phone: (650) 723-9753 Fax: (650) 725-1449 E-Mail: click here Research Interests Methodologies and technologies of autonomous robots, cooperative robots, human-centered robotics, haptic interaction, dynamic simulation, virtual environments, augmented teleoperation, and human-friendly robot design. Research Group | Selected Publications | Courses | Contact

Indonesian Robotics Education School
Visi

Melahirkan Ahli-ahli Robotika Bertaraf Internasional yang senantiasa Bertafakur, Bertasyakur dan Bertadabur terhadap Keagungan Yang Maha Kuasa


Misi
1. Melahirkan Ahli Robotika Berkualitas Internasional Berkarakteristik Lokal di tiap Kabupaten atau Kota Setiap Tahun Minimal 2 Orang.

2. Kaderisasi yang berkelanjutan dan terarah

Program

1. Mempelajari alat-alat elektronika sederhana di Sekeliling Kehidupan kita

2. Mempelajari bahasa-bahasa pemrograman komputer dengan tekun dan rajin

3. Mengembangkan kurikulum pendidikan Robotika


Langkah Setrategis Sederhana

1. Promosi Kesekolah-sekolah Kejuruan dan Menengah atas untuk membuat club-club kecil penggemar Otomasi, Kendali dan Robotika

2. Mengadakan Ivent-ivent kecil dan sederhana megenai Robotika

3. Istiqomah

Sejarah Robotika

The history of robots has its roots as far back as ancient myths and legends.

Modern concepts were begun to be developed when the Industrial Revolution allowed the use of more complex mechanics and the subsequent introduction of electricity made it possible to power machines with small compact motors. After the 1920s the modern formulation of a humanoid machine was developed to the stage where it was possible to envisage human sized robots with the capacity for near human thoughts and movements, first envisaged millennia before. The first uses of modern robots were in factories as industrial robots – simple fixed machines capable of manufacturing tasks which allowed production without the need for human assistance. Digitally controlled industrial robots and robots making use ofartificial intelligence have been built since the 1960s.

Chinese accounts relate a history of automata back to the 10th century BC when Yan Shi is credited with making an automaton resembling a human in an account from the Lie Zi text.

Western and Eastern civilisations have concepts of artificial servants and companions with a long history. Many ancient mythologies include artificial people, such as the mechanical servants built by the Greek god Hephaestus (Vulcan to the Romans), the clay golems of Jewish legend and clay giants of Norse legend.

Likely fictional, the Iliad illustrates the concept of robotics by stating that the god Hephaestus made talking mechanical handmaidens out of gold.^[1] Greek mathematician Archytas of Tarentum is reputed to have built a mechanical pigeon around 400 BC, possibly powered by steam, capable of flying. The clepsydra was made in 250 BC by Ctesibius of Alexandria, a physicist and inventor from Ptolemaic Egypt. Heron of Alexandria (10–70 AD) created some mechanical devices in the late 1st century AD, including one that allegedly could speak.

Aristotle took up an earlier reference in Homer's Iliad and speculated that automatons could someday bring about human equality by making the abolition of slavery possible in his book Politics(ca. 322 BC).

Sumber:

Wikipedia

Kursus Robotik dari Stanford University

Sekolah Pendidikan Robotika Indonesia

Lecture 1    View Now >
58 min* Topics: Course Overview, History of Robotics Video, Robotics Applications, Related Stanford Robotics Courses, Lecture and Reading Schedule, Manipulator Kinematics, Manipulator Dynamics, Manipulator Control, Manipulator Force Control, Advanced Topics Transcript: HTML | PDF YouTube | iTunes | Vyew | WMV Torrent | MP4 Torrent

Lecture Handouts

Handout Name	Handout Usage
Course Introduction	Lecture 1
Kinematics-1	Lecture 1-3

Sumber: 

Universitas Stanford Fakultas Teknik
(Stanford Engineering Everywhere) 

Prof. Oussama Khatib, Ph.D. 
(His Web-Site Oussama Khatib)

Professor of Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-9010 Office: Gates 144 Phone: (650) 723-9753 Fax: (650) 725-1449 E-Mail: click here Research Interests Methodologies and technologies of autonomous robots, cooperative robots, human-centered robotics, haptic interaction, dynamic simulation, virtual environments, augmented teleoperation, and human-friendly robot design. Research Group | Selected Publications | Courses | Contact

Sekilas Mengenai Robot

Robot adalah sebuah alat mekanik yang dapat melakukan tugas fisik, baik menggunakan pengawasan dan kontrol manusia, ataupun menggunakan program yang telah didefinisikan terlebih dulu (kecerdasan buatan). Istilah robot berawal bahasa Cheko “robota” yang berarti pekerja atau kuli yang tidak mengenal lelah atau bosan. Robot biasanya digunakan untuk tugas yang berat, berbahaya, pekerjaan yang berulang dan kotor. Biasanya kebanyakanrobot industri digunakan dalam bidang produksi. Penggunaan robot lainnya termasuk untuk pembersihan limbah beracun, penjelajahan bawah air dan luar angkasa, pertambangan, pekerjaan "cari dan tolong" (search and rescue), dan untuk pencarian tambang. Belakangan ini robot mulai memasuki pasaran konsumen di bidang hiburan, dan alat pembantu rumah tangga, seperti penyedot debu, dan pemotong rumput.

Saat ini hampir tidak ada orang yang tidak mengenal robot, namun pengertian robot tidaklah dipahami secara sama oleh setiap orang. Sebagian membayangkan robot adalah suatu mesin tiruan manusia (humanoid), meski demikian humanoid bukanlah satu-satunya jenis robot.

Untuk memahami pengertian robot kita coba untuk menelusuri pengertian robot dari beberapa sumber. Pada kamus Webster pengertian robot adalah

“An automatic device that performs function ordinarily ascribed to human beings”

Dari kamus Oxford diperoleh pengertian robot adalah

A machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmed by a computer.

Pengertian dari Webster mengacu pada pemahaman banyak orang bahwa robot melakukan tugas manusia, sedangkan pengertian dari Oxford lebih umum.

Beberapa organisasi di bidang robot membuat definisi tersendiri. Robot Institute of America memberikan definisi robot sebagai:

“A reprogammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or other specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks”.

International Standard Organization (ISO 8373) mendefinisikan robot sebagai:

“An automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications”.

Dari beberapa definisi di atas, kata kunci yang ada yang dapat menerangkan pengertian robot adalah:

• Dapat memperoleh informasi dari lingkungan (melalui sensor)
• Dapat diprogram,
• Dapat melaksanakan beberapa tugas yang berbeda
• Bekerja secara otomatis
• Cerdas (intelligent)
• Digunakan di industri

Sumber:

Wikipedia

Robotics

Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans, in hazardous or manufacturing processes, or simply just resemble humans. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.

The concept and creation of machines that could operate autonomously dates back to classical times, but research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow substantially until the 20th century.

Throughout history, robotics has been often seen to mimic human behavior, and often manage tasks in a similar fashion. Today, robotics is a rapidly growing field, as we continue to research, design, and build new robots that serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots do jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs, exploring shipwrecks, and mines.

Etymology

The word robotics was derived from the word robot, which was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which premiered in 1921.The word robot comes from the Slavic word robota, which is used to refer forced labor.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word robotics was first used in print by Isaac Asimov, in his science fiction short story "Liar!", published in May 1941 in Astounding Science Fiction. Asimov was unaware that he was coining the term; since the science and technology of electrical devices is electronics, he assumed robotics already referred to the science and technology of robots. In some of Asimov's other works, he states that the first use of the word robotics was in his short story Runaround (Astounding Science Fiction, March 1942).^[5][6] However, the original publication of "Liar!" predates that of "Runaround" by five months, so the former is generally cited as the word's origin.

Mengenai Kami

Indonesian Robotics Education School
Visi

Melahirkan Ahli-ahli Robotika Bertaraf Internasional yang senantiasa Bertafakur, Bertasyakur dan Bertadabur terhadap Keagungan Yang Maha Kuasa


Misi
1. Melahirkan Ahli Robotika Berkualitas Internasional Berkarakteristik Lokal di tiap Kabupaten atau Kota Setiap Tahun Minimal 2 Orang.

2. Kaderisasi yang berkelanjutan dan terarah

Program

1. Mempelajari alat-alat elektronika sederhana di Sekeliling Kehidupan kita

2. Mempelajari bahasa-bahasa pemrograman komputer dengan tekun dan rajin

3. Mengembangkan kurikulum pendidikan Robotika


Langkah Setrategis Sederhana

1. Promosi Kesekolah-sekolah Kejuruan dan Menengah atas untuk membuat club-club kecil penggemar Otomasi, Kendali dan Robotika

2. Mengadakan Ivent-ivent kecil dan sederhana megenai Robotika

3. Istiqomah

Bissmilahirrohmanirrohim

assalamualikum wr.wb.